Life as we know it starts as a single cell. Every living thing on Earth is made up of cells. Therefore, Cell is defined as basic structural and functional unit of life. The microscopic structure further comprises of tiny components. A cell cannot be seen with a naked human eye. From tiniest living being to the biggest or largest creature to walk on earth ever, all are made up of cells. Are cells for every living thing the same?

In this article we are covering you for basic difference and understanding about a bacterial and human cell.

First of all what is a cell?

Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. A single cell divides and divides until a group of cells is formed, known as Tissue. The tissues combined make an organ, the organs collectively make an organ system, and all the organ systems combined make a body.

But this is not always the case, there are many living being made up of only a single cell, example: Bacteria.

What is a Bacterial Cell?

Bacterium may be a single cellular structure or comprising of only few cells. The bacterial cell compared to a human cell is much simpler. A bacterial cell mostly lacks the complex structures that make up a human cell.

What is a Human Cell?

Human cell is a complicated structure, with numerous other structures combined to make it a whole cell. A human cell has hereditary material contained in the nucleus and in the mitochondria. In human the atomic genome is partitioned into 46 DNA particles called chromosomes, having 22 homologous chromosome sets. The mitochondrial genome is a roundabout DNA atom unique from nuclear DNA.

Bacterial Cell VS Human Cell

In this article we are going to discuss the contrasts between these two types of cells so that we can get clear understanding about structure of cell.

Cell Wall:

In bacteria cell thick defensive cell wall exists covering the entire cell.

In human cell, cell wall does not exist.

Cytoplasmic Bridge:

In bacterial cell, no cytoplasmic bridge exists because there is just a single cell so there is no need of inter- cellular transportation in bacterial cell.

In human cell, cytoplasmic bridges exist which help in inner transportation of cell in the middle of neighbouring cells.

Shape:

Bacterial cell exists in many shapes such as circle, oval etc.

Likewise, a human cell can be of many shapes as well.

Cell Membrane:

In bacterial cell, cell membrane is fabricated of phospholipid bi-layer. But the membrane has no sterols.

In human cell, cell membrane is fabricated of lipid bi-layer in the company of phosphate particles. It behaves as hydrophilic to outside and hydrophobic in the internal wall.

Cell Appendages:

In a bacterial cell, cell appendages exist. There is flagellum that helps in movement and pili is used for sexual multiplication.

In human cell, cell appendages are generally missing. Aside from ciliated cells exist in respiratory tract and gut.

Nucleus:

In bacterial cell, nucleus does not exist. Rather nuclear substance such as DNA is available in cytoplasm. No core, professed as prokaryote

In human cell, major nucleus with its membrane is present. This is purported as a eukaryote type.

Division:

In bacteria cell, mitosis and meiosis occurs. Mitosis results two cells whereas meiosis results four cells.

In human cell, all the cells experience mitosis. Just ovum and sperm development is done by meiosis. Whereas nerves cells never go for division.

Movement:

Bacterial cell can precede onward their own with the help of flagella or any other locomotory appendage. Also, it can be purely sessile.

Human cell does not undergo any movement, with the exception of ova and sperm. However, white blood cell stream in the fluid.

Conclusion

From the above article we can conclude that human cell doesn’t have cell wall, cell appendages and no movement is there whereas bacterial cell have these things and likewise there are many things present in a human cell that are lacked by the bacterial cell. And comparatively a human cell is a more complex and advanced structure than a bacterial cell.

Sources:

Wikipedia

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314235026_Difference_Between_Bacterial_Cell_and_Animal_Cell